Angulajsr Json Response Bad Http Data File Upload

With the rising popularity of single page applications, mobile applications, and RESTful API services, the style web developers write dorsum-end code has changed significantly. With technologies like AngularJS and BackboneJS, we are no longer spending much time building markup, instead we are building APIs that our front end-end applications consume. Our back-end is more than almost business organization logic and information, while presentation logic is moved exclusively to the front-end or mobile applications. These changes accept led to new ways of implementing authentication in modernistic applications.

Authentication is one of the most important parts of whatever web application. For decades, cookies and server-based hallmark were the easiest solution. However, handling hallmark in modern Mobile and Single Page Applications can be tricky, and demand a better approach. The best known solutions to authentication problems for APIs are the OAuth 2.0 and the JSON Web Token (JWT).

Before we get into this JSON Web Token tutorial, what exactly is a JWT?

What is a JSON Web Token?

A JSON Web Token is used to send data that tin exist verified and trusted by ways of a digital signature. It comprises a meaty and URL-safe JSON object, which is cryptographically signed to verify its authenticity, and which can besides exist encrypted if the payload contains sensitive data.

Because of its compact structure, JWT is normally used in HTTP Authorization headers or URL query parameters.

Structure of a JSON Web Token

A JWT is represented as a sequence of base64url encoded values that are separated by period characters.

JSON web token example in laravel and angularjs

Hither is a JWT token case:

                      eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.            eyJpc3MiOiJ0b3B0YWwuY29tIiwiZXhwIjoxNDI2NDIwODAwLCJodHRwOi8vdG9wdGFsLmNvbS9qd3RfY2xhaW1zL2lzX2FkbWluIjp0cnVlLCJjb21wYW55IjoiVG9wdGFsIiwiYXdlc29tZSI6dHJ1ZX0.            yRQYnWzskCZUxPwaQupWkiUzKELZ49eM7oWxAQK_ZXw

The header contains the metadata for the token and it minimally contains the type of signature and the encryption algorithm. (You can employ a JSON formatter tool to prettify the JSON object.)

Case Header

          {   "alg": "HS256",   "typ": "JWT" }

This JWT case header declares that the encoded object is a JSON Spider web Token, and that it is signed using the HMAC SHA-256 algorithm.

Once this is base64 encoded, we have the offset part of our JWT.

                      eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9

Payload (Claims)

In the context of JWT, a claim tin can exist defined equally a statement nearly an entity (typically, the user), besides as additional metadata about the token itself. The claim contains the information nosotros want to transmit, and that the server can apply to properly handle JSON Web Token authentication. In that location are multiple claims nosotros can provide; these include registered claim names, public merits names and private claim names.

Registered JWT Claims

These are the claims that are registered in the IANA JSON Web Token Claims registry. These JWT claims are non intended to be mandatory but rather to provide a starting bespeak for a set of useful, interoperable claims.

These include:

iss: The issuer of the token
sub: The subject of the token
aud: The audition of the token
exp: JWT expiration time defined in Unix time
nbf: "Not before" fourth dimension that identifies the time before which the JWT must not be accustomed for processing
iat: "Issued at" fourth dimension, in Unix time, at which the token was issued
jti: JWT ID merits provides a unique identifier for the JWT

Public Claims

Public claims need to have standoff-resistant names. By making the proper name a URI or URN, naming collisions are avoided for JWTs where the sender and receiver are non part of a closed network.

An instance of a public claim proper noun could be: https://world wide web.toptal.com/jwt_claims/is_admin, and the best practice is to place a file at that location describing the merits and then that it tin be dereferenced for documentation.

Private Claims

Private claim-names may exist used in places where JWTs are only exchanged in a airtight environment betwixt known systems, such as inside an enterprise. These are claims that we can define ourselves, like user IDs, user roles, or any other information.

Using merits-names that might have conflicting semantic meanings exterior of a closed or private system are subject to collision, then utilize them with caution.

Information technology is important to note that we want to keep a spider web token as pocket-size as possible, so employ only necessary data inside public and private claims.

JWT Example Payload

          {   "iss": "toptal.com",   "exp": 1426420800,   "https://www.toptal.com/jwt_claims/is_admin": true,   "company": "Toptal",   "crawly": true }

This example payload has 2 registered claims, one public claim and 2 private claims. Once it is base64 encoded, we have the second role of our JWT.

                      eyJpc3MiOiJ0b3B0YWwuY29tIiwiZXhwIjoxNDI2NDIwODAwLCJodHRwOi8vdG9wdGFsLmNvbS9qd3RfY2xhaW1zL2lzX2FkbWluIjp0cnVlLCJjb21wYW55IjoiVG9wdGFsIiwiYXdlc29tZSI6dHJ1ZX0

Signature

The JWT standard follows the JSON Web Signature (JWS) specification to generate the terminal signed token. It is generated by combining the encoded JWT Header and the encoded JWT Payload, and signing it using a strong encryption algorithm, such as HMAC SHA-256. The signature'due south secret key is held by the server so it will be able to verify existing tokens and sign new ones.

          $encodedContent = base64UrlEncode(header) + "." + base64UrlEncode(payload); $signature = hashHmacSHA256($encodedContent);

This gives united states the concluding part of our JWT.

                      yRQYnWzskCZUxPwaQupWkiUzKELZ49eM7oWxAQK_ZXw

JWT Security and Encryption

It is critical to apply TLS/SSL in conjunction with JWT, to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks. In most cases, this volition exist sufficient to encrypt the JWT payload if it contains sensitive information. Still, if we want to add an additional layer of protection, we can encrypt the JWT payload itself using the JSON Web Encryption (JWE) specification.

Of course, if nosotros want to avoid the additional overhead of using JWE, some other selection is to simply keep sensitive data in our database, and use our token for additional API calls to the server whenever we need to access sensitive data.

Why the Need for Web Tokens?

Before we tin can see all the benefits of using JWT authentication, we take to look at the way hallmark has been done in the past.

Server-Based Hallmark

Considering the HTTP protocol is stateless, there needs to be a mechanism for storing user data and a fashion to cosign the user on every subsequent request after login. Most websites utilise cookies for storing user's session ID.

How information technology Works

The browser makes a POST request to the server that contains the user's identification and countersign. The server responds with a cookie, which is attack the user's browser, and includes a session ID to identify the user.

On every subsequent request, the server needs to discover that session and deserialize information technology, because user data is stored on the server.

Drawbacks of Server-Based Authentication

Difficult to scale: The server needs to create a session for a user and persist it somewhere on the server. This can be washed in memory or in a database. If nosotros have a distributed organization, we have to make sure that we apply a carve up session storage that is not coupled to the application server.
Cantankerous-origin asking sharing (CORS): When using AJAX calls to fetch a resources from another domain ("cross-origin") we could encounter problems with forbidden requests considering, by default, HTTP requests don't include cookies on cantankerous-origin requests.
Coupling with the web framework: When using server-based authentication nosotros are tied to our framework'due south hallmark scheme. Information technology is really hard, or even impossible, to share session data between different web frameworks written in unlike programming languages.

Token-Based Authentication

Token based/JWT authentication is stateless, and so in that location is no need to store user data in the session. This gives us the power to scale our application without worrying where the user has logged in. We tin easily apply the same token for fetching a secure resource from a domain other than the i nosotros are logged in to.

How JSON Spider web Tokens Piece of work

A browser or mobile client makes a request to the authentication server containing user login information. The hallmark server generates a new JWT admission token and returns it to the client. On every request to a restricted resource, the customer sends the access token in the query string or Authorization header. The server then validates the token and, if it's valid, returns the secure resource to the client.

The authentication server can sign the token using whatsoever secure signature method. For example, a symmetric cardinal algorithm such as HMAC SHA-256 can be used if there is a secure channel to share the secret fundamental among all parties. Alternatively, an asymmetric, public-primal organisation, such as RSA, can be used besides, eliminating the need for further key-sharing.

Advantages of Token-Based Authentication

Stateless, easier to scale: The token contains all the data to place the user, eliminating the demand for the session land. If we use a load balancer, we can pass the user to whatever server, instead of being bound to the same server we logged in on.

Reusability: We tin take many separate servers, running on multiple platforms and domains, reusing the aforementioned token for authenticating the user. It is like shooting fish in a barrel to build an application that shares permissions with another awarding.

JWT Security: Since we are not using cookies, we don't have to protect against cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks. Nosotros should still encrypt our tokens using JWE if nosotros have to put any sensitive information in them, and transmit our tokens over HTTPS to prevent human being-in-the-centre attacks.

Performance: There is no server side lookup to find and deserialize the session on each request. The merely matter we have to do is summate the HMAC SHA-256 to validate the token and parse its content.

A JSON Spider web Token Case using Laravel v and AngularJS

In this JWT tutorial I am going to demonstrate how to implement the basic authentication using JSON Spider web Tokens in two popular spider web technologies: Laravel 5 for the backend code and AngularJS for the frontend Unmarried Folio Application (SPA) example. (You tin observe the unabridged demo here, and the source code in this GitHub repository so that you tin follow along with the tutorial.)

This JSON web token instance will not utilize whatever kind of encryption to ensure the confidentiality of the information transmitted in the claims. In practice this is often okay, considering TLS/SSL encrypts the request. However, if the token is going to incorporate sensitive information, such as the user's social security number, it should likewise be encrypted using JWE.

Laravel Backend Example

Nosotros volition use Laravel to handle user registration, persisting user information to a database and providing some restricted information that needs authentication for the Angular app to eat. We will create an instance API subdomain to simulate Cross-origin resource sharing (CORS) likewise.

Installation and Projection Bootstrapping

In club to use Laravel, we have to install the Composer package manager on our machine. When developing in Laravel I recommend using the Laravel Homestead pre-packaged "box" of Vagrant. It provides usa with a complete development environment regardless of our operating organization.

The easiest way to bootstrap our JWT Laravel application is to employ a Composer bundle Laravel Installer.

          composer global require "laravel/installer=~ane.1"

Now nosotros are all ready to create a new Laravel project by running laravel new jwt.

For any questions about this procedure please refer to the official Laravel documentation.

After we have created the basic Laravel 5 awarding, we need to set up our Homestead.yaml, which will configure binder mappings and domains configuration for our local environment.

Case of a Homestead.yaml file:

          --- ip: "192.168.ten.10" memory: 2048 cpus: 1  authorize: /Users/ttkalec/.ssh/public.psk  keys:     - /Users/ttkalec/.ssh/private.ppk folders:     - map: /coding/jwt       to: /habitation/vagrant/coding/jwt sites:     - map: jwt.dev       to: /home/vagrant/coding/jwt/public     - map: api.jwt.dev       to: /home/vagrant/coding/jwt/public variables:     - central: APP_ENV       value: local

After we've booted up our Vagrant box with the vagrant upwards command and logged into it using vagrant ssh, we navigate to the previously defined project directory. In the example above this would be /home/vagrant/coding/jwt. We can now run php artisan migrate command in order to create the necessary user tables in our database.

Installing Composer Dependencies

Fortunately, there is a community of developers working on Laravel and maintaining many great packages that we tin can reuse and extend our awarding with. In this example we volition utilize tymon/jwt-auth, by Sean Tymon, for handling tokens on the server side, and barryvdh/laravel-cors, by Barry vd. Heuvel, for treatment CORS.

jwt-auth

Require the tymon/jwt-auth bundle in our composer.json and update our dependencies.

          composer require tymon/jwt-auth 0.5.*

Add the JWTAuthServiceProvider to our app/config/app.php providers assortment.

          'Tymon\JWTAuth\Providers\JWTAuthServiceProvider'

Next, in app/config/app.php file, under the aliases array, nosotros add the JWTAuth facade.

          'JWTAuth' => 'Tymon\JWTAuth\Facades\JWTAuth'

Finally, we will want to publish the package config using the post-obit control: php artisan config:publish tymon/jwt-auth

JSON Web tokens are encrypted using a cloak-and-dagger fundamental. We can generate that key using the php artisan jwt:generate command. It will exist placed inside our config/jwt.php file. In the production environment, however, we never want to accept our passwords or API keys inside configuration files. Instead, we should place them within server environment variables and reference them in the configuration file with the env function. For example:

          'secret' => env('JWT_SECRET')

We can find out more nearly this packet and all of it's config settings on Github.

laravel-cors

Require the barryvdh/laravel-cors bundle in our composer.json and update our dependencies.

          composer require barryvdh/laravel-cors 0.4.x@dev

Add the CorsServiceProvider to our app/config/app.php providers array.

          'Barryvdh\Cors\CorsServiceProvider'

And then add the middleware to our app/Http/Kernel.php.

          'Barryvdh\Cors\Middleware\HandleCors'

Publish the configuration to a local config/cors.php file by using the php artisan vendor:publish command.

Example of a cors.php file configuration:

          return [    'defaults' => [        'supportsCredentials' => fake,        'allowedOrigins' => [],        'allowedHeaders' => [],        'allowedMethods' => [],        'exposedHeaders' => [],        'maxAge' => 0,        'hosts' => [],    ],     'paths' => [        'v1/*' => [            'allowedOrigins' => ['*'],            'allowedHeaders' => ['*'],            'allowedMethods' => ['*'],            'maxAge' => 3600,        ],    ], ];

Routing and Handling HTTP Requests

For the sake of brevity, I will put all my code inside the routes.php file that is responsible for Laravel routing and delegating requests to controllers. We would usually create dedicated controllers for handling all our HTTP requests and keep our code modular and clean.

We will load our AngularJS SPA view using

          Route::get('/', function () {    render view('spa'); });

User Registration

When we make a POST asking to /signup with a username and password, we will try to create a new user and save it to the database. After the user has been created, a JWT is created and returned via JSON response.

          Route::mail('/signup', function () {    $credentials = Input::just('email', 'password');     try {        $user = User::create($credentials);    } catch (Exception $due east) {        render Response::json(['error' => 'User already exists.'], HttpResponse::HTTP_CONFLICT);    }     $token = JWTAuth::fromUser($user);     return Response::json(compact('token')); });

User Sign In

When nosotros make a POST request to /signin with a username and password, we verify that the user exists and returns a JWT via the JSON response.

          Road::postal service('/signin', office () {    $credentials = Input::only('email', 'password');     if ( ! $token = JWTAuth::endeavour($credentials)) {        return Response::json(faux, HttpResponse::HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED);    }     return Response::json(meaty('token')); });

Fetching a Restricted Resource on the Same Domain

Once the user is signed in, we can fetch the restricted resource. I've created a road /restricted that simulates a resource that needs an authenticated user. In order to practice this, the request Authorisation header or query string needs to provide the JWT for the backend to verify.

          Route::get('/restricted', [    'before' => 'jwt-auth',    role () {        $token = JWTAuth::getToken();        $user = JWTAuth::toUser($token);         return Response::json([            'data' => [                'electronic mail' => $user->e-mail,                'registered_at' => $user->created_at->toDateTimeString()            ]        ]);    } ]);

In this example, I'm using the jwt-auth middleware provided in the jwt-auth package using 'before' => 'jwt-auth'. This middleware is used to filter the request and validate the JWT token. If the token is invalid, not present, or expired, the middleware will throw an exception that we can take hold of.

In Laravel 5, we tin catch exceptions using the app/Exceptions/Handler.php file. Using the render office we can create HTTP responses based on the thrown exception.

          public part render($request, Exception $eastward) {   if ($e instanceof \Tymon\JWTAuth\Exceptions\TokenInvalidException)   {      return response(['Token is invalid'], 401);   }   if ($e instanceof \Tymon\JWTAuth\Exceptions\TokenExpiredException)   {      return response(['Token has expired'], 401);   }    render parent::render($request, $e); }

If the user is authenticated and the token is valid, we tin safely return the restricted data to the frontend via JSON.

Fetching Restricted Resources from the API Subdomain

In the side by side JSON spider web token example, we'll take a dissimilar approach for token validation. Instead of using jwt-auth middleware, we volition handle exceptions manually. When nosotros make a Post request to an API server api.jwt.dev/v1/restricted, we are making a cross-origin request, and have to enable CORS on the backend. Fortunately, we have already configured CORS in the config/cors.php file.

          Route::group(['domain' => 'api.jwt.dev', 'prefix' => 'v1'], function () {    Route::get('/restricted', function () {        try {            JWTAuth::parseToken()->toUser();        } catch (Exception $east) {            return Response::json(['fault' => $e->getMessage()], HttpResponse::HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED);        }         return ['data' => 'This has come from a dedicated API subdomain with restricted access.'];    }); });

AngularJS Frontend Example

Nosotros are using AngularJS as a front end-end, relying on the API calls to the Laravel back-cease authentication server for user authentication and sample information, plus the API server for cross-origin instance data. Once we go to the homepage of our project, the backend will serve the resources/views/spa.blade.php view that will bootstrap the Angular application.

Hither is the binder construction of the Athwart app:

          public/   |-- css/       `-- bootstrap.superhero.min.css   |-- lib/       |-- loading-bar.css       |-- loading-bar.js       `-- ngStorage.js   |-- partials/       |-- home.html       |-- restricted.html       |-- signin.html       `-- signup.html   `-- scripts/       |-- app.js       |-- controllers.js       `-- services.js

Bootstrapping the Angular Application

spa.blade.php contains the bare essentials needed to run the awarding. Nosotros'll use Twitter Bootstrap for styling, along with a custom theme from Bootswatch. To have some visual feedback when making an AJAX phone call, we'll employ the angular-loading-bar script, which intercepts XHR requests and creates a loading bar. In the header section, we take the following stylesheets:

          <link rel="stylesheet" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/iii.two.0/css/bootstrap.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/bootstrap.superhero.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/lib/loading-bar.css">

The footer of our markup contains references to libraries, also as our custom scripts for Athwart modules, controllers and services.

          <script src="http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/ii.1.one/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="http://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.iii.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script src="http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/athwart.js/1.iii.xiv/angular.min.js"></script> <script src="http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/angular.js/1.iii.14/angular-route.min.js"></script> <script src="/lib/ngStorage.js"></script> <script src="/lib/loading-bar.js"></script> <script src="/scripts/app.js"></script> <script src="/scripts/controllers.js"></script> <script src="/scripts/services.js"></script> </body>

We are using ngStorage library for AngularJS, to salve tokens into the browser'southward local storage, then that we tin transport it on each request via the Authority header.

In the production environment, of course, we would minify and combine all our script files and stylesheets in order to improve functioning.

I've created a navigation bar using Bootstrap that volition modify the visibility of appropriate links, depending on the sign-in status of the user. The sign-in condition is determined by the presence of a token variable in the controller'south scope.

          <div class="navbar-header">    <button blazon="button" grade="navbar-toggle complanate" data-toggle="collapse" information-target=".navbar-collapse">        <bridge form="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>        <bridge class="icon-bar"></bridge>        <span class="icon-bar"></bridge>        <span class="icon-bar"></span>    </button>    <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">JWT Angular example</a> </div> <div class="navbar-plummet plummet">    <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-correct">        <li information-ng-show="token"><a ng-href="#/restricted">Restricted surface area</a></li>        <li data-ng-hide="token"><a ng-href="#/signin">Sign in</a></li>        <li data-ng-hide="token"><a ng-href="#/signup">Sign up</a></li>        <li information-ng-evidence="token"><a ng-click="logout()">Logout</a></li>    </ul> </div>

Routing

We have a file named app.js which is responsible for configuring all our forepart routes.

          angular.module('app', [    'ngStorage',    'ngRoute',    'angular-loading-bar' ])    .abiding('urls', {        BASE: 'http://jwt.dev:8000',        BASE_API: 'http://api.jwt.dev:8000/v1'    })    .config(['$routeProvider', '$httpProvider', office ($routeProvider, $httpProvider) {        $routeProvider.            when('/', {                templateUrl: 'partials/domicile.html',                controller: 'HomeController'            }).            when('/signin', {                templateUrl: 'partials/signin.html',                controller: 'HomeController'            }).            when('/signup', {                templateUrl: 'partials/signup.html',                controller: 'HomeController'            }).            when('/restricted', {                templateUrl: 'partials/restricted.html',                controller: 'RestrictedController'            }).            otherwise({                redirectTo: '/'            });

Here nosotros tin encounter that we accept defined iv routes that are handled past either HomeController or RestrictedController. Every road corresponds to a partial HTML view. We have also defined two constants that contain URLs for our HTTP requests to the backend.

Request Interceptor

The $http service of AngularJS allows united states to communicate with the backend and make HTTP requests. In our example nosotros want to intercept every HTTP request and inject it with an Dominance header containing our JWT if the user is authenticated. We tin can likewise use an interceptor to create a global HTTP error handler. Here is an example of our interceptor that injects a token if it'south bachelor in browser'due south local storage.

          $httpProvider.interceptors.push button(['$q', '$location', '$localStorage', function ($q, $location, $localStorage) {    return {        'asking': function (config) {            config.headers = config.headers || {};            if ($localStorage.token) {                config.headers.Authorisation = 'Bearer ' + $localStorage.token;            }            return config;        },        'responseError': part (response) {            if (response.condition === 401 || response.condition === 403) {                $location.path('/signin');            }            render $q.refuse(response);        }    }; }]);

Controllers

In the controllers.js file, we have defined two controllers for our application: HomeController and RestrictedController. HomeController handles sign-in, sign-upwardly and logout functionality. It passes the username and password data from the sign-in and sign-upwardly forms to the Auth service, which sends HTTP requests to the backend. It then saves the token to local storage, or shows an error message, depending on the response from the backend.

          athwart.module('app')    .controller('HomeController', ['$rootScope', '$scope', '$location', '$localStorage', 'Auth',        role ($rootScope, $telescopic, $location, $localStorage, Auth) {            role successAuth(res) {                $localStorage.token = res.token;                window.location = "/";            }             $scope.signin = function () {                var formData = {                    email: $telescopic.email,                    countersign: $scope.countersign                };                 Auth.signin(formData, successAuth, office () {                    $rootScope.error = 'Invalid credentials.';                })            };             $scope.signup = role () {                var formData = {                    email: $telescopic.email,                    password: $scope.password                };                 Auth.signup(formData, successAuth, function () {                    $rootScope.fault = 'Failed to signup';                })            };             $scope.logout = function () {                Auth.logout(function () {                    window.location = "/"                });            };            $telescopic.token = $localStorage.token;            $telescopic.tokenClaims = Auth.getTokenClaims();        }])

RestrictedController behaves the aforementioned way, only it fetches the information by using the getRestrictedData and getApiData functions on the Data service.

                      .controller('RestrictedController', ['$rootScope', '$scope', 'Data', function ($rootScope, $scope, Data) {        Information.getRestrictedData(function (res) {            $scope.data = res.data;        }, function () {            $rootScope.error = 'Failed to fetch restricted content.';        });        Data.getApiData(function (res) {            $scope.api = res.information;        }, function () {            $rootScope.mistake = 'Failed to fetch restricted API content.';        });    }]);

The backend is responsible for serving the restricted information only if the user is authenticated. This means that in order to respond with the restricted data, the request for that data needs to contain a valid JWT within its Authorization header or query cord. If that is non the case, the server volition answer with a 401 Unauthorized mistake condition code.

Auth Service

The Auth service is responsible for making the sign in and sign up HTTP requests to the backend. If the request is successful, the response contains the signed token, which is then base64 decoded, and the enclosed token claims data is saved into a tokenClaims variable. This is passed to the controller via the getTokenClaims function.

          angular.module('app')    .factory('Auth', ['$http', '$localStorage', 'urls', function ($http, $localStorage, urls) {        part urlBase64Decode(str) {            var output = str.supercede('-', '+').replace('_', '/');            switch (output.length % 4) {                case 0:                    pause;                case 2:                    output += '==';                    break;                instance 3:                    output += '=';                    pause;                default:                    throw 'Illegal base64url string!';            }            return window.atob(output);        }         office getClaimsFromToken() {            var token = $localStorage.token;            var user = {};            if (typeof token !== 'undefined') {                var encoded = token.separate('.')[1];                user = JSON.parse(urlBase64Decode(encoded));            }            return user;        }         var tokenClaims = getClaimsFromToken();         return {            signup: role (data, success, fault) {                $http.mail(urls.BASE + '/signup', information).success(success).error(error)            },            signin: function (information, success, error) {                $http.mail service(urls.BASE + '/signin', data).success(success).error(error)            },            logout: part (success) {                tokenClaims = {};                delete $localStorage.token;                success();            },            getTokenClaims: function () {                render tokenClaims;            }        };    }    ]);

Information Service

This is a simple service that makes requests to the hallmark server as well equally the API server for some dummy restricted data. Information technology makes the request, and delegates success and error callbacks to the controller.

          athwart.module('app')    .factory('Data', ['$http', 'urls', function ($http, urls) {         return {            getRestrictedData: part (success, error) {                $http.become(urls.Base of operations + '/restricted').success(success).error(fault)            },            getApiData: function (success, error) {                $http.get(urls.BASE_API + '/restricted').success(success).error(error)            }        };    }    ]);

Beyond This JSON Web Token Tutorial

Token-based authentication enables us to construct decoupled systems that are non tied to a particular authentication scheme. The token might be generated anywhere and consumed on any system that uses the aforementioned secret central for signing the token. They are mobile set, and do not require u.s.a. to utilize cookies.

JSON Web Tokens work across all popular programming languages and are quickly gaining in popularity. They are backed by companies like Google, Microsoft and Zendesk. Their standard specification by Cyberspace Engineering Task Force (IETF) is still in the draft version and may change slightly in the futurity.

There is however a lot to cover about JWTs, such with how to handle the security details, and refreshing tokens when they elapse, but the JSON Web Token tutorial should demonstrate the basic usage and, more importantly, the advantages of using JWTs.

Kingston Earmis